IE Analysis:https://youtu.be/HPPpLHpiku0?si=Xv92piyknq2amV8M
JN Analysis:https://youtu.be/Qb9_HRuEYTU?si=BReVL8jkcnIIeZBt
1 .Water hyacinth:
(General Studies-III (250 marks)Technology, Economic Development, Biodiversity, Environment, Security, and Disaster Management)
a beautiful but problematic plant, is a free-floating aquatic plant scientifically known as Eichhornia crassipes. Native to the Amazon basin, it has spread worldwide and is often considered an invasive species.
Water hyacinth poses several significant problems for fishermen:
Blocked Waterways: Dense mats of water hyacinth can completely obstruct waterways, making it impossible for fishermen to access their fishing grounds.2 This prevents them from setting out their nets, casting lines, or even launching their boats.
Reduced Fish Populations: The dense mats shade out other aquatic plants, leading to their death and decay. This process consumes oxygen, creating hypoxic conditions that can harm and kill fish, directly impacting the availability of fish for fishermen.
Damage to Fishing Gear: Water hyacinth can entangle and damage fishing nets, lines, and other equipment, increasing costs for fishermen and reducing their efficiency.
Increased Fishing Costs: Navigating through dense mats of water hyacinth requires more time and effort, increasing fuel consumption and wear and tear on boats. Fishermen may also need to invest in specialized equipment or hire extra labor to clear pathways through the infestation.
Loss of Income: The combined effects of reduced access to fishing grounds, lower fish populations, damaged equipment, and increased costs can significantly impact fishermen's livelihoods, leading to decreased income and potential economic hardship.
In summary, water hyacinth infestations create numerous obstacles for fishermen, hindering their ability to access fishing grounds, reducing fish populations, damaging equipment, increasing costs, and ultimately impacting their livelihoods.
2 .Why dead olive ridley turtles are washing ashore in Tamil Nadu:
(General Studies-III (250 marks)Technology, Economic Development, Biodiversity, Environment, Security, and Disaster Management)
The turtle deaths are the highest number officials have seen since 2014 when more than 900 Olive Ridley turtles were found dead along the southern Indian coast. Experts say the deaths are most likely due to large fishing nets that trawl the ocean floor.
Over 400 endangered Olive Ridley sea turtles have been found dead along India's east coast near Chennai, marking the most significant loss in over two decades. These turtles, known for their long migrations to nest on India's shores, face threats from fishing nets, reduced nesting sites, and environmental factors.
Key points:
Typically, 100-200 turtles die annually in the region, but this year's toll surpassed that in two weeks.
Trawlers using large fishing nets are primarily responsible for the deaths, as trapped turtles cannot surface for air.
Conservation efforts, including relocating turtle nests and advocating for the use of turtle excluder devices, have faced challenges due to non-compliance and economic concerns among fishers.
Olive Ridley turtles are vital to marine ecosystems, consuming jellyfish to maintain ecological balance.
Other threats include marine pollution, coastal development, rising temperatures, and light pollution.
The species is especially vulnerable, with only one in 1,000 hatchlings surviving to adulthood.
This crisis underscores the need for stronger enforcement of protective measures and greater awareness to ensure the survival of these critical marine species.
3 PM JANMAN:
(GS Paper II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International Relations)
aims to cover 75 PVTG communities residing in 18 States and 1 UT. The Ministry of Tribal Affairs through the State Governments/ UT Administration/departments have undertaken habitation level data collection exercise through PM Gati Shakti mobile application to estimate PVTG population figures and infrastructure gaps in order to cover PVTG beneficiaries / PVTG villages & habitations under PM-JANMAN Mission.
The exact number PVTG beneficiaries (State-wise) to be covered under mission is subjected to eligibility criteria of specific guidelines of concerned interventions as per norms approved under the Mission.
PM-JANMAN has total budgetary outlay of Rs.24,104 Cr (Central share: ₹15336 Cr and State share: ₹8768 Cr). However, the release of funds to States/UT is subject to scheme guidelines of various schemes under the mission, submission of proposals by respective State Government/UT and compliances of General Financial Rules (GFRs) etc.
PM-JANMAN has been launched to provide PVTG households and habitations with basic facilities such as safe housing, clean drinking water and improved access to education, health and nutrition, road and telecom connectivity, electrification of unelectrified households and sustainable livelihood opportunities in 3 years.
PMJANMAN focuses on 11 critical interventions being implemented by 9 Ministries.
4 .Bharat Mobility Global Expo:
(General Studies-III (250 marks)Technology, Economic Development, Biodiversity, Environment, Security, and Disaster Management)
The Bharat Mobility Global Expo 2025 has witnessed the launch of 56 new products from 22 different brands at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi. Commerce and Industry Ministry said various advanced vehicles, cutting-edge mobility solutions, and the latest components were showcased ranging from superbikes, cars, buses and ambulances. Prime Minister Narendra Modi had launched this global expo on Friday.
5 .The SCOT Mission
(General Studies-III (250 marks)Technology, Economic Development, Biodiversity, Environment, Security, and Disaster Management)
is a significant milestone in India's space sector, marking the successful launch of Digantara's Space Camera for Object Tracking (SCOT) satellite. This pioneering venture by an Indian space startup signifies a crucial step towards enhancing India's space situational awareness (SSA) capabilities.
Key aspects of the SCOT Mission:
Space Situational Awareness (SSA): SCOT is designed to track and monitor Resident Space Objects (RSOs), including satellites, debris, and other objects orbiting the Earth. This information is vital for ensuring the safety of operational satellites and preventing collisions.
Technological Advancements: SCOT is equipped with advanced sensors and technologies that enable it to detect and track even small objects as small as 5 cm in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). This level of precision is crucial for effective space traffic management and collision avoidance.
Commercial Space Sector Growth: The success of the SCOT Mission underscores the growing role of private companies in India's space sector. Digantara's achievement demonstrates the potential for Indian startups to contribute significantly to space exploration and innovation.
National Security and Space Operations: By enhancing SSA capabilities, the SCOT Mission contributes to national security and the safety of India's space assets. It provides valuable data for tracking potential threats and ensuring the continued operation of critical satellite systems.
In essence, the SCOT Mission represents a major leap forward for India's space program. It showcases the country's growing expertise in space technology, the rise of the commercial space sector, and the commitment to ensuring a safe and sustainable space environment.
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