IE Analysis: https://youtu.be/b_7tJDqS0rk
JN Analysis:
1 .British author Samantha Harvey has won the 2024 Booker Prize award with her novel Orbital,
2 .CAQM: The CAQM is a statutory body established by the Government of India in 2021 under the Commission for Air Quality Management in NCR and Adjoining Areas Act, 2021. It oversees and coordinates efforts to tackle air pollution in the Delhi-NCR region and surrounding states, such as Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan.
Key Functions:
Monitoring air quality and framing policies to reduce pollution.
Coordinating between central and state governments to implement measures effectively.
Overseeing compliance with air quality standards, including industrial and vehicular emissions.
Key Focus Areas:
Reduction of stubble burning.
Control of emissions from industries and thermal power plants.
Promotion of clean fuels and sustainable practices.
3 .GRAP: Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP)
GRAP is a set of emergency measures implemented to combat air pollution, particularly during severe pollution episodes in the NCR. It was first rolled out in 2017 following Supreme Court directives.
Key Features:
A dynamic framework that activates specific actions based on the Air Quality Index (AQI) levels.
Four Stages of GRAP (as per AQI levels):
Stage I: Moderate to Poor (AQI: 201–300)
Measures: Ban on construction and demolition activities, dust control measures.
Stage II: Very Poor (AQI: 301–400)
Measures: Ban on diesel generator sets (except essential services), increased public transport.
Stage III: Severe (AQI: 401–450)
Measures: Halt non-essential construction work, restrict truck entry in NCR.
Stage IV: Severe+ (AQI: >450)
Measures: Ban on entry of trucks (except essential goods), closure of schools, work-from-home advisory.
Implementation:
GRAP is implemented by the Environment Pollution (Prevention & Control) Authority (EPCA), now largely overseen by CAQM.
Specific actions are announced based on real-time air quality data.
3 . COP 29 is the United Nations Climate Change Conference taking place in Baku, Azerbaijan from 11 to 22 November 2024.
What is COP?
COP, which stands for Conference of Parties, is the series of formal meetings Conference of Parties, where governments assess global efforts to advance the Paris Agreement and the Convention, also limit global warming to 1.5°C as informed by the latest science. At COPs, world leaders come together to measure progress and negotiate the best ways to address climate change.
There are now 198 Parties (197 countries plus the European Union) to the Convention, constituting near universal membership. The next Conference will take place in Baku, Azerbaijan, in November 2024.
UN Climate Change Conferences (or COPs) take place every year, and are the world’s only multilateral decision-making forum on climate change that brings together almost every country on Earth.
To put it simply, the COP is where the world comes together to agree on the actions to address the climate crisis, such as limiting the global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius, helping vulnerable communities adapt to the effects of climate change, and achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.
COP 29 will bring together world leaders and negotiators from the member states (or Parties) of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to further global progress, with business leaders, young people, climate scientists, Indigenous Peoples, and civil society sharing insights and best practices to strengthen global, collective and inclusive climate action.
Among the key priorities of COP 29 are securing a new goal on climate finance, ensuring every country has the means to take much stronger climate action, slashing greenhouse gas emissions and building resilient communities.
Also in focus will be the next round of national climate plans, or NDCs, currently being developed by countries ahead of next year’s deadline and ensuring these bolder, fully implementable and investable strategies and targets are economy-wide, focus on transitioning away from fossil fuels, and keep the world on track to 1.5 degrees of warming.
Note that officially, COP 29 stands for the 29th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), a landmark international treaty agreed in 1992, and parent treaty to the 2015 Paris Agreement.
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