IE Analysis:https://youtu.be/Lu7BgDNrHFs?si=XbUp9f-lN3mLfWqp
JN Analysis:https://youtu.be/myruZqJIdaA?si=pQ_6QskeScAdd0RZ
1 .Olympic Esports Games (GS Paper II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International Relations)
will be held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in 2027. This is a landmark event for both the world of esports and the Olympic movement.
The decision to host the Games in Saudi Arabia reflects the growing popularity of esports globally and the country's push to become a major player in the gaming world.
the first time the International Olympic Committee (IOC) will host a dedicated esports competition under the Olympic banner.
This event is a result of a 12-year partnership between the IOC and the Saudi Arabian government, formalized in 2024
2 .M-Gov Award 2025Three Indian computer science students from New Delhi won the Bronze Award at the Global Best M-Gov Award 2025 during the World Government Summit (WGS) in Dubai. The accolade recognizes innovative technological solutions advancing mobile government services and societal progress.
3 .Seva Bhoj Yojana :
(GS Paper II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International Relations)
The Seva Bhoj Yojana is a central sector scheme launched by the Ministry of Culture in 2018. Its primary objective is to alleviate the financial burden on charitable religious institutions that provide free meals, such as prasad, langar, or bhandara, to devotees and the public without discrimination.
The scheme achieves this by reimbursing the Central Goods and Services Tax (CGST) and the central government's share of the Integrated Goods and Services Tax (IGST) paid on specific raw food items used in the preparation of these free meals.
To be eligible, institutions must be charitable religious organizations like temples, gurudwaras, mosques, or churches, and they must have been in existence for at least three years.
Furthermore, they should serve free food to a minimum of 5,000 people monthly and be registered under relevant acts or have exemptions under the Income Tax Act.
The key benefit is the reimbursement of CGST and the central government's share of IGST, which helps these institutions save money and continue their charitable work.
The process involves registration on the NGO Darpan Portal of NITI Aayog and application on the CSMS Portal of the Ministry of Culture. A certificate from the District Magistrate confirming their charitable activities and free food distribution is also required.
The GST Authority then verifies the claims and disburses the reimbursements. In essence, the Seva Bhoj Yojana supports the valuable work of charitable religious institutions in providing free meals, contributing to food security and social welfare.
4 .Estonia:
General Studies-I (250 marks)Indian Heritage and Culture, History, and Geography of the World and Society)
is a fascinating country with a unique blend of history, culture, and technology. Located in Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, with over 1,500 islands
.
Diverse terrain, ranging from rocky beaches to old-growth forests and numerous lakes.
Known for its clean air and commitment to preserving natural landscapes.
Gained independence in 1920 after World War I.Experienced Soviet and German occupations during World War II.Regained independence in 1991.
A global leader in digital services and e-government solutions. Pioneered e-voting and offers a wide range of online public services. known for its thriving tech scene and numerous successful startups. Home to the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence.
5 .Rocket launches are harmful to the environment.
(General Studies-III (250 marks)Technology, Economic Development, Biodiversity, Environment, Security, and Disaster Management)
Air Pollution: Rocket launches release pollutants like black carbon (soot) and other trace gases into the upper atmosphere. These can contribute to ozone depletion and alter the Earth's thermal balance.
Greenhouse Gases: While some rockets use cleaner fuels like liquid hydrogen, the production of these fuels can still generate significant carbon emissions. Additionally, even "clean" rockets release water vapor, which acts as a greenhouse gas at high altitudes.
Certain chemicals in rocket exhaust can react with and destroy ozone molecules in the stratosphere, which protects us from harmful UV radiation.
Rocket launches release a variety of chemicals into the atmosphere, which can have harmful effects on the environment.
Black Carbon (Soot): This is a major component of particulate matter released from rocket exhaust, particularly from solid rocket motors. Black carbon can absorb sunlight and contribute to warming of the atmosphere.
Trace Gases: Rocket exhaust contains various trace gases, including nitrogen oxides (NOx) and unburned hydrocarbons. These can contribute to ozone depletion in the stratosphere.
Water Vapor: While seemingly harmless, water vapor released at high altitudes can act as a greenhouse gas, trapping heat and potentially affecting climate.
This is a byproduct of solid rocket motor combustion and is a known ozone-depleting substance.
Metals and Metal Oxides: Some rockets release metals and metal oxides, such as alumina, which can also contribute to ozone depletion and have other potential environmental impacts.
Rocket launches also contribute to the growing problem of space junk, which can create hazards for future missions and potentially re-enter Earth's atmosphere, causing further pollution.
While the overall impact of rocket launches on the environment is currently smaller compared to other sources of pollution like aviation, the increasing frequency of launches raises concerns about their long-term effects.
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