IE Analysis:
JS Anakysis:
1 The International Criminal Court Officially Begins Operations (March 11, 2003) (GS Paper 2: Governance, constitution, polity, social justice, international relations.)
March 11, 2003, marks a significant milestone in the pursuit of global justice. On this day, the International Criminal Court (ICC) officially began its operations in The Hague, Netherlands. Established to hold individuals accountable for the most serious crimes of international concern, the ICC represents a bold step toward ending impunity for atrocities.
The Birth of the ICC The ICC was created through the Rome Statute, a treaty adopted on July 17, 1998, by 120 countries. The court’s mandate is to prosecute individuals for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and the crime of aggression.
By March 11, 2003, the Rome Statute had received the required 60 ratifications, allowing the ICC to become fully operational.
The ICC is the first permanent international court dedicated to prosecuting individuals for grave crimes that shock the conscience of humanity. Unlike temporary tribunals, such as those for Rwanda or the former Yugoslavia, the ICC was designed to provide a permanent mechanism for accountability. Its establishment signaled a global commitment to justice and the rule of law.
2 .Pradhan Mantri Surya Ghar:
(GS Paper 2: Governance, constitution, polity, social justice, international relations.)
Muft Bijli Yojana is a government scheme that aims to provide free electricity to households in India. The scheme was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on February 15, 2024.
Under the scheme, households will be provided with a subsidy to install solar panels on their roofs. The subsidy will cover up to 40% of the cost of the solar panels.
The scheme is expected to benefit 1 crore households across India. It is estimated that the scheme will save the government Rs. 75,000 crore per year in electricity costs.
3 .UJALA scheme: (GS Paper 2: Governance, constitution, polity, social justice, international relations.)
Govt saved 48 billion kiloWatt of energy per hour by distributing 37 cr LED bulbs .The UJALA (Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All) scheme, a flagship initiative of the Indian government, aims to revolutionize domestic lighting by replacing traditional, energy-intensive bulbs with efficient LED alternatives.
Implemented by Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL) under the Ministry of Power, the program provides affordable LED bulbs, tube lights, and fans to households, significantly reducing electricity consumption and lowering utility bills.
This mass adoption of LED technology has not only resulted in substantial energy savings for millions of Indian families but has also played a crucial role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to a more sustainable environment.
As the world's largest zero-subsidy domestic lighting program, UJALA has achieved widespread success, marking a significant step towards energy efficiency and environmental conservation within India.
4 .India set to become the world’s largest web3 developer hub by 2028: report:(GS Paper 3: Technology, economic development, biodiversity, environment, security, disaster management.)
Web3 refers to the next generation of the internet, which is built on blockchain technology and emphasizes decentralization, user ownership, and peer-to-peer interactions. Unlike Web2 (the current internet dominated by centralized platforms like Google, Facebook, and Amazon),
Web3 aims to give users more control over their data, digital identities, and online transactions through technologies like blockchain, cryptocurrencies, smart contracts, and decentralized applications (dApps).
5 .Hantaviruses (GS Paper 3: Technology, economic development, biodiversity, environment, security, disaster management.)are a group of viruses carried primarily by rodents, posing a significant health risk to humans. Transmission typically occurs through the inhalation of airborne particles from infected rodent urine, droppings, or saliva, although direct contact and rodent bites can also lead to infection.
These viruses can cause severe respiratory illnesses, most notably Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS), which affects the lungs, and Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS), which impacts the kidneys. Initial symptoms often mimic the flu, including fever, muscle aches, and headaches, but can progress to life-threatening conditions like respiratory failure in HPS or kidney failure in HFRS.
Prevention is paramount, emphasizing rodent control, safe cleanup of rodent-infested areas, and proper food storage. While there is no specific cure, treatment focuses on supportive care to manage symptoms.
Therefore, awareness of hantavirus risks and taking necessary precautions, especially in rodent-prone environments, is crucial for safeguarding public health.
6.Armenia,
(GS Paper 2: Governance, constitution, polity, social justice, international relations.)
officially known as the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia, bordered by Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Iran.
Its capital and largest city is Yerevan, one of the world’s oldest continuously inhabited cities.
Armenian is the official language, and the country uses the Armenian dram (AMD) as its currency. Armenia has a rich and ancient history, being the first country to adopt Christianity as its state religion in 301 AD, and it remains a deeply religious nation with a majority belonging to the Armenian Apostolic Church.
The country is known for its breathtaking landscapes, with Mount Ararat, a symbol of Armenia, towering just across the border in Turkey.
Armenia is also home to Lake Sevan, one of the largest high-altitude freshwater lakes in the world.
The nation has a tragic history, particularly the Armenian Genocide of 1915, in which 1.5 million Armenians were killed by the Ottoman Empire.
Despite historical hardships, Armenia has a strong cultural heritage, particularly in literature, music, and architecture, with medieval churches and monasteries such as Geghard and Tatev attracting visitors from around the world.
The country’s economy is primarily based on agriculture, mining, and technology, with a growing IT sector earning it the nickname “Silicon Valley of the Caucasus.”
Armenian cuisine is famous for dishes like khorovats (barbecue), dolma, and lavash, a traditional flatbread that is a UNESCO cultural heritage item. The Armenian alphabet, invented in 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots, is unique and still in use today.
Armenia is also known for its love of chess, which is taught in schools as a compulsory subject. Despite its small size, Armenia has a strong diaspora worldwide, contributing to its cultural and economic influence beyond its borders.
7.Mauritius, (GS Paper 2: Governance, constitution, polity, social justice, international relations.)
officially known as the Republic of Mauritius, is a beautiful island nation located in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar.
Its capital is Port Louis, and English is the official language, though French and Creole are widely spoken. The country has a rich colonial history, having been ruled by the Dutch, French, and British before gaining independence on March 12, 1968, and later becoming a republic on March 12, 1992.
Mauritius is renowned for its stunning beaches, coral reefs, and lush landscapes, with Piton de la Petite Rivière Noire being its highest peak at 828 meters.
The island was once home to the famous but extinct Dodo bird. Despite being a small nation, Mauritius has a strong and diverse economy, driven by tourism, textiles, sugar, IT, and financial services, making it one of Africa’s most developed economies.
The country is also unique for having no official army, relying instead on its police force and coast guard for security. Mauritius is a melting pot of cultures and religions, with Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism being practiced widely.
It is known for its delicious cuisine, particularly Dholl Puri, a popular flatbread stuffed with split peas. The island celebrates various festivals, including Diwali, Eid, and Chinese New Year, reflecting its cultural diversity. Another
interesting fact is that Mauritius is home to the rare "Blue Mauritius" stamp, one of the most valuable in the world.
Additionally, Ile aux Aigrettes, a small conservation island, plays a crucial role in protecting the nation’s rare wildlife species. With its breathtaking natural beauty, rich history, and thriving economy, Mauritius remains a fascinating and significant country on the global stage.
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